Afforestation in Hong Kong

Afforestation in Hong Kong Afforestation in Hong Kong is one of the topics of the on-going debate on sustainability.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Afforestation in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chinese government is trying to address the problems related to environmental problems and afforestation is seen as one of possible effective ways to solve such issues as soil erosion, vast amounts of carbon dioxide, etc. (Xin, 2012). Though, it is necessary to note that these attempts are not new as afforestation policies were introduced as far back as the end of the nineteenth century when Government Gardens and Tree Planting Departments (Hamilton, 2008). Those were first initiatives aimed at securing forests from non-sanctioned felling (Demurger Yang, 2006). Nonetheless, massive afforestation policies were launched only after the World War II. The situation in the region was really alarming as the aftermaths of the war were dev astating and it was time to come up with effective solutions (Xi, Bi He, 2012). Another stage of afforestation began in 1979 when a number of strategies were developed to effectively develop ecosystem of the region (Harris, 2012). Those measures head a positive impact on the environmental situation in the region as the forest cover in the area increased from 8.6% in the middle of the twentieth century to 18.21% in 2003 (Zhang Song, 2006).Advertising Looking for dissertation on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Elliott et al. (2006) claim that the strategies used are not as effective as they could be and the policies should be reconsidered. Therefore, the afforestation strategies used have raised a number of questions. Thus, the reforestation in the region has been characterised by the use of exotic tree species. This approach is supported by some researchers, but it is highly criticised as it regard ed as rather ineffective. As far as positive effects of the use of exotic trees are concerned, it is possible to note that there is certain impact on the diversity in the region (Pullar Lamb, 2012). Willoughby et al. (2007) argue that exotic species are potentially favourable for development of biodiversity in a region. Though, it is necessary to note that the researchers focused on a specific area (Britain) and the time the trees were observed is insufficient to come to particular conclusions. Liu (2003) claims that planting exotic species of trees had a favourable impact on the rehabilitation of the area due to high productivity of the chosen species. The researcher notes that some species of bamboo can help restore forest coverage in limited periods of time. Yau (1997) also supports the idea that exotic trees can be useful to ameliorate the environment which will become a good basis for the future reforestation with native species. Lee, Hau and Corlett (2005) stress that exotic species can have favourable impact as they can be used for restoration of soil system, but the researchers also argue that exotic trees are inappropriate for restoration of biodiversity in the region and, due to this, native species of trees should prevail.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Afforestation in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, the majority of researchers agree that the use of exotic trees is quite limited and is inappropriate for massive afforestation of the area. The use of native species of trees is seen as the most effective strategy to effectively restore biodiversity in the area. Chen et al. (2008) provide comprehensive evidence to support their argument that the use of exotic trees is ineffective for afforestation of areas. At the same time, Elliott et al. (2006) argue that the use of exotic species can negatively affect biodiversity of the area as such species can replac e native trees. Even though, this can have no negative impact on the soil, it can negatively affect the ecosystem as natural pollinators will not be able to adjust to the new environment (Clark, 2005). Hau (2000) notes that the effectiveness of the use of native species still needs certain research as time is needed to investigate all possible outcomes of the use of this or that strategy. Nagendra and Southworth (2010) claim that biodiversity is crucial to the environment and, therefore, the use of exotic species is hazardous. The researchers believe new strategies of afforestation should be used. In particular, the use of native trees should become the major strategy (Jim, 2012). Hau (2010) also stresses that native trees should be used to restore the ecosystem as the use of exotic trees can result in degradation of biodiversity in certain sites.Advertising Looking for dissertation on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is clear that quite extensive research has been implemented on the matter. The majority of researchers agree that the use of native trees is of paramount importance for the restoration of the biodiversity in the region and it should be the core strategy of the afforestation policies in Hong Kong. Nonetheless, it is necessary to note that the experiments were carried out in quite limited periods of time. Admittedly, investigation of the development of ecosystems and biodiversity cannot be held within a decade. Therefore, further research is essential. It is necessary to analyse the effectiveness of policies used in the middle of the twentieth century. It is also important to have a closer look at the exact species used in particular areas. Reference List Chen, L., Tam, N.F.Y., Huang, J., Zeng, X., Meng, X., Zhong, C., Wong, Y. Lin, G. (2008). Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China. Estuarine, Coastal a nd Shelf Science, 79(1), 644-652. Clark, J. (2005). Preserving Hong Kong’s Biodiversity. Retrieved from civic-exchange.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/200508_EcologicalRestoration.pdf Demurger, S. Yang, W. (2006). Economic changes and afforestation incentives in rural China. Environment and Development Economics, 11(5), 629–649. Elliott, S., Blakesley, D., Maxwell, J. F., Doust, S., Sutthathorn, S. (2006). How to plant a forest†¯: The principles and practice of restoring tropical forest. Retrieved from forru.org/PDF_Files/htpafbook/htpafbook.pdf Hamilton, S. (2008). Watching over Hong Kong: Private policing 1841-1941. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Harris, P.G. (2012). Environmental policy and sustainable development in China. Bristol, UK: The Policy Press. Hau, B.C.H. (2000). Promoting native tree species in land rehabilitation in Hong Kong, China. In S. Elliott, J. Kerby, D. Blakesley, K. Hardwick, K. Woods and V. Anusarnsunthorn (Eds), Forest restor ation for wildlife conservation. (pp. 109-120). Thailand: Chiang Mai University. Hau, B.C.H. So, K.K.Y. (2003). Using native tree species to restore degraded hillsides in Hong Kong, China. Retrieved from aseanbiodiversity.info/abstract/52001396.pdf Hau, B.C.H. (2010). Using native plant species in forest restoration and slope rehabilitation in Hong Kong, China. Retrieved from rainforestation.ph/news/pdfs/Hau.pdf Jim, C.Y. (2012). Restoration of forests associated with new town development in Hong Kong. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 129-149). London, UK: Springer. Lee, E. W. S., Hau, B. C. H. Corlett, R. T. (2005). Natural regeneration in exotic tree plantations in Hong Kong, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 212(1–3), 358–366. Liu, D. (2003). Rehabilitation of degraded forests to improve livelihoods of poor farmers in South China. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. Nagendra, H. Southworth, J. (2010 ). Reforesting landscapes: Linking pattern and process. Bloomington, USA: CIFOR. Pullar, D. Lamb, D. (2012). A tool comparing alternative forest landscape restoration scenarios. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 129-149). London, UK: Springer. Willoughby, I., Stokes, V., Poole, J., White, J.E.J. Hodge, S.J. (2007). The potential of 44 native and non-native tree species for woodland creation on a range of contrasting sites in lowland Britain. Forestry, 80(5), 531–553. Xi, W., Bi, H. He, B. (2012). Forest landscape restoration in China. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 65-93). London, UK: Springer. Xin, Z. (2012, March 12). Afforestation to continue into next decade. The China Daily. Retrieved from chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-03/12/content_14814759.htm Yau, F. (1997). Soil and afforestation in the Shing Mun Country Park, Hong Kong (M aster’s Thesis. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China). Retrieved from http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/55287/3/FullText.pdf Zhang, Y. Song, C. (2006). Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on forest cover in China from 1949 to 2003. Journal of Forestry, 104(7), 383–387.

How To Write A Call To Action With 54 Words + 6 Examples

How To Write A Call To Action With 54 Words + 6 Examples All of your content marketing success hinges on the  bounce and the  conversion. The two exist on a seesaw, the dreaded â€Å"bounce† on one side and â€Å"conversion† on the other. And what is the fulcrum at the center of the two that will determine which way it will tip?  Your call to action- aka  your  marketing CTA. Your content marketing lives and dies based on the success of your CTA. It determines if people take your content and bounce out on their merry way, never to return, or if they leap for the bait and go further into your  sales funnel. Knowing how to write a call to action that  hooks your readers interest is key to your contents survival. Know how to write a #CallToAction? Here are 54 words and 6 examples thatll unlock your #creativity. What Is A Call To Action? A call to action might be as simple as asking someone to: Sign up for your email newsletter. Download  free resources in exchange for an email address. Buy an ebook,  coaching service, or your product. A call to action might be at  the beginning  of a blog post, at the end of a blog post, or sprinkled throughout a landing page. As a marketer, you use a call to action  in any medium- videos, advertisements, blog posts, landing pages, and even social messages. Whatever form it takes, and wherever it appears in your content, a call to action is you providing your reader with some form of actionable task  and usually appears as a button, link within text, or an image of some kind. Whatever form it takes, a call to action  provides your reader with an actionable task. Content marketing is creating content, but with a purpose. All content has the purpose of establishing your expertise and being helpful to your reader so that they come back to you for more.  And of course, content has the purpose of bringing in new readers through  search engines. So  you must include purposeful elements in your content that specifically ask your reader to do something tangible instead of merely feeling warm fuzzies about your brand. You must regularly ask your reader to do something. A call to action not only gets your reader to do something that commits her further to what you are ultimately selling,  it's also something you  can measure. And, if you can  measure  it, you  can test, tweak, and change  it  so you learn more about your audience. Without a call to action, you're wasting your best efforts. Without a call to action, you’re wasting your best efforts and goodwill on readers who probably would take action and who probably would buy but you've  never pushed them to. Without writing a call to action, the most you’ll know about your reader is hits, page views, and bounces. You’ll spread lots of goodwill. But you’ll never make a sale. Recommended Reading: Here’s How You Can Double Your Blog Conversion Rate Right Now How To Write A Call To Action Using Exclusivity And The Undeniable FOMO When it comes to a powerful motivator for your call to action, FOMO, or the fear of missing out, is hard to beat. This is about exclusivity, which generally works in two ways: Only some get in.  By only letting a few get in, you suggest that those who do are lucky, should be thankful, are special, are deserving- anything of this nature. This is about status, namely who’s in and who’s out. In order for this to work, you have to make something amazing enough that people want  to be in on it. Anyone gets in, but with restrictions. Think of data rights management or DRM controls on ebooks and music. The product is available to anyone, but you need specific devices, tools, or access methods to use it. In this way, it's exclusive because you control how people use it and how they  can share or spread it. That fear of missing out taps into several human emotions (some of which we’d rather not admit to). It’s more than just fear because that fear is based in something else: Panic: â€Å"If I miss out, I’ll never know if this could have changed my life!† Greed: â€Å"I have to have everything.† Comparison: â€Å"I don’t want to be the only person without this!† Curiosity: â€Å"Could this possibly be as amazing as they describe?† Pride: â€Å"I got in and you didn’t. Ha ha.† Most of us are almost compulsively driven by these emotions. When you write a call to action, you must tap into these kinds of emotion- the ones that are so connected to exclusivity- because they're what drive people to act when it comes to selling. And when you’re selling something people don’t need  (i.e. food, water, shelter, new washer) and are instead trying to create a want (i.e. you just bought a new shirt, but why not get a few more?), you have to find another motivator for them to part with their money (or their email address). And, oddly, the fear and subsequent emotions that are tied into exclusivity are good ones to use. How To Use Exclusivity And FOMO In Your #CallToAction To Boost ConversionsHow To Put Exclusivity To Work In Your Call To Action Exclusivity rides on one main idea:  If you don’t do something now, you’ll never be able to do it again. You can hint at exclusivity through the words in your call to action. Think of any word or phrase that suggests now: Last chance Limited supply Only a few left Ends tomorrow Limited time only One-time offer Expires soon Urgent Deadline You get the idea. With FOMO, there isn’t time to think. The language all points to action immediately. So Call now  is much better than Call anytime. Recommended Reading: 3 Unusual Ways To Create Exclusive Content That Attracts A Crowd How To Write A Call To Action Using Hope As A Motivation Fear isn’t the only way to get people to act, though it's one of the most powerful. Hope can do the trick, too. First you need to create a sense of desperation. Illustrate just how big a problem  your readers have, and the hope to change it will suddenly make sense. While driving around town and checking errands off of my to-do list this past weekend, I took note of the billboards and signs outside of the stores and restaurants. I said to my friend, who was with me, that there was absolutely nothing that I needed, yet here I was, buying stuff. â€Å"I wouldn’t be dissatisfied with my life and possessions if they didn’t tell me it ought to be so,† I said, a bit annoyed. â€Å"You can’t sell to people who aren’t dissatisfied,† my friend replied. With dissatisfaction comes hope. Or it should, if you’re writing  your call to action correctly. How To Leverage  Hope With  Your Call To Action To tap into hope, you first must suggest hopelessness. By that, I mean you must show the reader that there is a problem, it’s a serious one, and they have it. And then you provide the solution and the hope. â€Å"You’ve tried everything to lose weight, but nothing worked,† is easily countered with, â€Å"Try this safe and proven method that returns results every time, risk free!† In this call to action example, you assure the reader by using the words â€Å"safe† and â€Å"risk free†, and give them hope by suggesting it's â€Å"proven† and â€Å"returns results†. Big problem. Big hope. Once you’ve established this pattern, end with your simplified call to action. â€Å"Start  now and lose 10 pounds in your first month.† Recommended Reading: How To Write The Best Copy Ever With Advice From Junk Mail So ... What Are Those Call To Action Words That Get People To Act? Is it possible that certain words get more conversions than others? It's a good question that has some research behind it- to an extent. So I took a look at five well-researched articles  to pull together a  big  list of call to action words that will help you get more email signups, trials, and sales. This data comes from five  researched articles, and even includes some words that have helped get as much as a  27% conversion rate from our own calls to action: Backlinko's research on building email lists Sprout Social's research on call to action phrases WishPond's research on words to use in call to action buttons Unbounce's research on call to action buttons Unbounce's research on conversion rate optimization 's research from our own landing pages and blog posts Now, many of these sources suggest  testing your own calls to action on your blog and website to see what words perform best with your audience. That is great advice you can put into practice  by using a tool like  Visual Website Optimizer. Start simple: Write two powerful calls to action you will A/B test against one another. Set up the test with Visual Website Optimizer. Give it a week and analyze the data. The results may surprise you, as they've done with us at . 54 Powerful Words To Test In Your #CTAs6 Call To Action Examples To Help You Write  Better CTAs Than Ever Call to action examples are everywhere, so where would you  start? I figured we'd take a look at a few  of the top companies in the world according to Fortune's 500 list (there has to be a reason they're so successful, right?), then dive in to some specific examples that are a bit more content marketing related. Let's do this. 1. Learn More With Apple Like the simplicity of their products, Apple  keeps their calls to action short, clean, and to the point. Learn more and Trade up to a new iPhone are unmistakable in letting Apple's  audience know exactly what they'll see after they click through the call to action. Apple  also doesn't clutter the design: There are clearly only two options to help their users focus on making a decision to click quickly and easily. Lesson Learned: Be clear and concise,  and position your call to action as the  obvious next step. 2. Save With CVS While the design is super busy compared to Apple's example (do I click on Save with Our App, App Store, Google Play, or on the phone itself?!), CVS focuses on the value proposition  in their call to action. Save with Our App  focuses CVS'  audience on the perceived benefit of using the tool, which connects into hope to resolve the dissatisfaction of spending so much money. The headline here- Unlock  extra savings  with app-only deals!- also suggests exclusivity, that you can only experience those benefits if you get the app. They also include the word exclusive in the description, which is a powerful motivator for the fear of missing out. Lesson Learned: Keep your design clean so your users know where to click. Brainstorm the value proposition to answer your readers' inherent question, "What's in it for me?" and tie that into your call to action. 3. Rely On The Visual Like Amazon Who said  you had to write a call to action? The behemoth Amazon focuses on compelling imagery to entice action. In this example, there is really no  traditional call to action that usually begins with a verb. However, Amazon does rock some powerful words with the visual: Now and Limited time offer. Talk about inducing urgency and appealing to the fear of missing out. The visual tells the rest of the story, helping  Amazon shoppers envision themselves in front of an amazing TV with a bowl of popcorn and a couple glasses  of champaign. Would you like to chillax like that, too? Heck yes, you would. And that's why the visual creates a powerful  call to action. It's noteworthy to mention this: Amazon doesn't even show the product they're selling (other than the remote) and focuses the visual mostly  on the experience  you'll feel when you click through the call to action to purchase it.  People don't buy products, they buy experiences. And that's why Amazon crushed  it with this call to action example. Lesson Learned: Literally show the pleasurable  outcome your audience will experience if they just click through your call to action. People don't buy products, they buy experiences. Include the experience in your #CTA.4. Code School Shows Calls To Action Don't Have To Be Super Formal Wondering how to apply calls to action into your blog posts? Write a post that helps your readers do something without you, then  when you can  help them  do it even better, let them know. Code School helps people learn how to code. So when they wrote a post called Why Python? that covered reasons to learn and use the language, they ended the post with a call to action to learn more through the courses Code School offers. The call to action appears as the last paragraph in the blog post, and invites readers to Check out a couple new courses. It's simple, informal, yet informational to teach their audience about the possibilities Code School offers to help their readers  improve. Lesson Learned:  Write a blog post that connects into your product or service. Then end the post  with an informal call to action to work  with you to resolve the problems you just outlined in your post and link to content that introduces  your offering. 5. Wistia Embeds Calls To Action In Videos Do you embed videos in your blog posts? With Wistia, you can add  a Turnstile into your  video  to collect email leads during video play, and you can also include a written call to action and link to related content at the end of your video. Turns out, you can also write a call to action right into your YouTube videos, too, if you're not a Wistia user. Anyway,  this call to action example shows up at the end of a video that explains one element about making post-product process simpler- something Wistia's audience cares a lot about. Wistia  then links to more information on the topic to help their viewers learn more about post-production- which is a part of the video process Wistia as a tool  can help make more efficient. The video appears in lieu of a traditional blog post header graphic. That  means Wistia's audience sees a video right away (which also likely boosts on page time and engagement quite a bit), Wistia shows their quirky brand personality, and they display a  strong call to action immediately. This is a great example of leading an audience deeper into the funnel  from inbound marketing  to demand generation content that positions Wistia as the solution to the problem. Brilliant. Lesson Learned: Strategically think about the next step to bring new users from inbound marketing into demand generation content that positions your product or service as the answer to a problem your audience is facing. Write  calls to action for all of your videos. 6. Create Content-Specific  Calls To Action Like Backlinko Have you seen blog posts that offer something free in exchange for your email address? Somewhere along the lines, marketers started calling those things content upgrades. And they are a super smart way to include a call to action in every blog post to turn the traffic you get into email subscribers. In this call to action example from Backlinko, Brian Dean includes a written CTA in the introduction of his blog post. That is brilliant  because a majority of your audience will read the first 100 words of your post, then maybe skim the rest. Anyway, this call to action is very smart because it relates specifically to the content at hand and not just a generic give-me-your-email-address kinda CTA. Brian relates directly to the challenge his readers want to resolve by writing Get More Email Subscribers, then he uses a powerful word with download. He also promises that what his readers will get behind the call to action will help them quickly execute the 17 strategies from this post, which is very important for the Backlinko blog in particular  because Brian  creates such long-form content. This way, he captures the interest of the too-long-didn't-read (TLDR) audience while also turning them into email subscribers. To top it off, Brian targets another call to action for the 20% of his audience that makes it through the entire blog post to the very end. This time, he lets the visual speak for itself with the power word download, and  includes the emotional word free to describe his  content upgrade. Lesson Learned: Include a  relevant content upgrade at the beginning and end of your blog posts to convert  traffic into email subscribers.  Use your call to action to appeal to the reasons your audience is already interested in the content, packaging a condensed and actionable guide behind the clickthrough. 6 #CallToAction Examples That Will Unlock Your #Creativity! #bloggingPut It All Together: How To Write A  Call To Action With A Compelling  Structure No matter what motivation you use (fear or hope), there are some common ways  that you should use when structuring your call to action. 1. Start with verbs. Verbs are the action words that make it clear to readers what you want them to do. Instead of saying, â€Å"Ready to get started?† simplify it to â€Å"Get started now† or â€Å"Start saving now†. Some verbs are stronger than others. This has to do with the cacophony of the word  (hard K, G, D  sounds) coupled with  the strength of the action suggested in context. The word â€Å"buy† feels stronger and more urgent than â€Å"purchase†. â€Å"Get your copy† is more cacophonous and powerful than â€Å"Download your ebook†. Starting with verbs means starting phrases and sentences, sure, but also the placement of links and call to action buttons. They come first (or nearly first) and should be prominent. Buttons to buy or sign-up should be above the fold, no scrolling required. They should be before the long chunk of explanatory text. Verbs are words of action, and that’s exactly what you want from your readers.2. Take it easy on filler words. Adverbs and adjectives can get in the way of the action you want your readers to take. You should have already done the work of convincing people to take the action before presenting your call to action  to them through blog post or landing page copy. Try your best to avoid words ending in -ly. â€Å"Click here† is better than â€Å"Click here quickly.† There are exceptions, though.  For example, you might hint at exclusivity by saying â€Å"Get your custom ebook now† instead of just â€Å"Get your ebook†. 3. Keep things simple and brief. Use words that are simple, common, and not too long. This isn’t because you think your reader isn’t smart enough to handle anything else, but because you’re trying to prod base emotions. You don’t want anything to get in the way of those simple emotions, particularly requiring readers to consider complex thought processes or scenarios which could distract them or lead them down a path of thought away  from taking action. Avoid buzzwords, jargon, and any word that feels â€Å"empty† and can be ignored by the reader. If you use enough ignorable words in your call to action, your entire call to action runs the risk of being ignored. Steps for a successful #CTA: verb  Ã‚  clarity  Ã‚  simplicity request.If you must use descriptive words, use simple and common words that are emotionally effective. This is no time to go crazy with a thesaurus and impress the world with your vocabulary. The language must not  get in the way of the emotional prodding you’re trying to achieve. Save your thinking words for your blog posts, and focus your call to action on words that are powerful persuaders. Remember simple, basic, and primal words- and not too many words overall- when you make the big request. 4. Make the request simple, too. It’s not just the language of the request that you need to make simple, but the request itself must be easy. One or two clicks to completion. As little pain as possible. If you need more information than a name and email, try to break it up so you capture that email first, get the user into the purchase or into their account, and then collect the rest later. The reason is that you don’t want to give your reader time to change their mind. I don’t know how many times I’ve been at a big box store and, because of too few checkout lanes available, seen people abandon full carts in line and walk out the door. It’s the same with your call to action. The more complicated you make it for readers to complete it, the more likely they’ll find a way to change their mind or forget the driving reason you just convinced them they needed to take action. â€Å"Buy now!† doesn’t feel like â€Å"now† if you make them fill out lots of information, answer a small survey, and click on a reply email to verify. That feels like buying later, and it brings into question the urgency you insisted was necessary to get a reader to take action.

Hip Flexion In Kicking Motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hip Flexion In Kicking Motion - Essay Example The acceleration of the kicking leg, in addition to the resulting velocity at impact, is concluded by the muscle forces being applied by the kicker. It has been accounted that the speed of the ball at impact was directly proportional to the calculated strength of his themes. The release velocity of the ball in regards to its timing had the strongest relationship to the maximal torque formed during the i. hip flexion, ii. Knee extension and iii. Short ankle alleviating in the kicking leg. In addition the relationship between the maximal resultant forces of the thigh and shank and the release velocity of the ball was tough. The link between the release velocity of the ball and age was elevated however less than with weight or height. Consequently the augment of the body mass means boost in the mass of the foot and this by design increases the release velocity of the ball in the kick. A significant ability in the game of soccer is the capability to kick the ball powerfully and precisely. The instep kick is the kick which is most frequently used for the utmost force as well as distance, as for a shot on goal or a long pass. The force for the long kick is put on from the run-up into the ball, and from the movements of a maximum number of body parts. These comprise hip and trunk rotation, in addition to hip flexion, knee extension and ankle plantarflexion to shape a rigid surface for impact. The kick with run-up creates longer and more potent kicks than the standing kick. This is due to the augmented momentum of the kicker at impact.

Effects of an Expansionary Macroeconomic Policy Essay

Effects of an Expansionary Macroeconomic Policy - Essay Example In its simplest terms, this relationship works on the principle that price is determined by the ratio of supply to demand: a high demand and low supply necessitates a high price, whereas a low demand and high supply would be indicative of a lower price. However, many more factors influence this AS-AD relationship. For instance, aggregate demand is influenced by interest rates, business and consumer confidence in the economy, the anticipation of inflation, and real wealth. Aggregate supply, on the other hand, is influenced by not only supply of resources, but also productivity by the workforce and production costs. Speaking in general terms, an increase in aggregate demand might have the following short run consequences: prices will rise, output will increase in order to attempt to meet the demand, and ultimately production will exceed the current workforce's capacity, thus creating a demand for a larger workforce. In the long run, a new equilibrium will be established with higher prices for product, production costs, and labor. There are several ways in which this new hypothetical government can decrease unemployment through either monetary policy or fiscal policy. As far as possible monetary policy actions are concerned, either the government can decrease the interest rate in order to stimulate investment and spending; or, the government can increase the volume of money in circulation. ... The final result is that this increased demand requires a larger workforce to cover the demand for increased production. In other words, the government's plan for monetary expansion necessitates a lower interest rate, which stimulates investment, output, and production, thus lowering the unemployment rate. However, at some point the government would need to increase interest rates in order to restore economic equilibrium. Additionally, if output is above its natural level, prices will initially increase, but in the long run output will eventually stabilize and prices will settle back down. Thus, a reverse chain reaction will occur where all aspects of aggregate demand will return to previous levels. Therefore, the government's increase of interest rates in order to reduce unemployment rates will have positive short-term effects in stimulating the economy, but will have virtually no long-term effect without supplementary intervention or a change in productivity. One way to ensure long-term results in this expansionary macroeconomic policy is to effect radical change within the workforce. Long run growth in aggregate supply requires a sustainable increase of real output. Thus, should a technological innovation increase productivity allowing a reduction of production costs, prices can be reduced as well. Output levels will then stabilize at a higher natural level, and stabilized prices and wages will follow. In conclusion, while an expansionary macroeconomic policy instituted by a government to reduce the unemployment rate would most-likely have the desired positive short-run effect (barring unanticipated variables such as loss of confidence in the economy); the long-run effects would be

Investigation on how the language used in comedy affects the public's Essay

Investigation on how the language used in comedy affects the public's opinion of the comedian (comedians being investigated are Frankie Boyle and Kevin Bridges) - Essay Example Another important point to note is that comedy, in most cases, utilizes the attributes of the actors allegorically to represent the physical world (Robinson, 2008 p7). Comedians Kelvin Bridge and Frankie Boyle both leading comedians but each unique in their own style will be analyzed to show on how language used in comedy affects the public opinion of the comedian. Frankie Boyle is a Scottish comedian commonly known for his pessimistic and controversial sense of humor. On the other hand, Kelvin Bridge uses more culturally correct humor. In October 2008, Frankie Boyle made a joke about the Queen about her age and part of her body, which led to the Conservative MP David Davies, saying that the joke was â€Å"disgracefully foul comment.† Frankie Boyle was on it again in his 2010 tour when he made a joke about people with Down syndrome offending a member of the audience whose daughter had Down syndrome. Frankie Boyle refused to apologize and his comments were considered downright bullying. Frankie Boyle made a joke about Prices heavily disabled son Harvey during Frankie Boyle’s Tramadol Nights. Boyle made a joke that was sexual and derogatory, leading both Katie Price and Peter Andre condemning Frankie Boyle’s line of jokes. Frankie Boyle also made a joke on Olympic swimmer Rebecca Adlington that was considered offensive. In the joke, Boyle says that Rebecca Adlington looks like someone who is looking at herself in the back of a spoon. In addition, made sexual comments about the gold medalists’ love life, saying Adlington’s boyfriend looked like a male model continuing to say that from he had deduced is that Adlington is very dirty. On April 2010, the BBC was forced to apologize for a joke made by Boyle on a Radio 4 panel show. The made jokes on the Israeli-Palestine conflict. He likened Palestine to a cake being

Relational Model Defined By Codds Twelve Rules Computer Science Essay

Relational Model Defined By Codds Twelve Rules Computer Science Essay This report tries to explain what Codds Twelve Rules means. And by comparing MySQL with relational model as defined by Codds Twelve Rules, this report also gives an abstract view on how MySQL comply with Codds Twelve Rules. This report is based on MySQL 5 InnoDB engine. Edgar F.Codd is famous for his contribution to relational model of database in 1970s. However, in 1980s the term relational was used by many database vendors to describe their database products which may not comply with the model that Edgar F.Codd has proposed. In order to clarify his model of relational database, and provide people a simple standard that can indicate to what extent a database software conforms to his model, the Codds Twelve Rules were propose. There are 13 rules in Codds Twelve Rules. Our textbook omits the first one,rule 0, so this report will start from the second one in Codds rules, rule 1. Rule 1: The Information Rule This rule requires all data in relational database management system(RDBMS) should be stored as values in tables at logical level. Some DBMS use Key-Value to store data, Redis for example, which contradict the Information Rule, so these DBMS will not be regarded as relational DBMS. MySQL dose store all data in the form of tables with values in columns of rows. Users can only access to values that are stored in tables. Even the data descript the database itself is store in tables, i.e. table tables in Information schema stores the description of all the tables that have been created. So, MySQL meets the requirement of rule 1. Rule 2: The Guaranteed Access Rule Users must be able to access to values by providing table name, the value of primary key and the name of the columns. In another word, the DBMS should support primary key in tables and enforce each tables contains primary key in order to prevent data duplication. MySQL does support to define primary key in tables. Yet, users can also create tables that dont have it. For example, create one table has columns a and b without primary key. In that circumstance, there may be several rows that has the same value in column a , preventing users to access to the value of column b in the row he want. So, MySQL does not fulfill the requirement of Rule2 and it gives user more flexibility by accepting tables without primary key. Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of NULL Values: The database must support NULL as a value other than 0 or empty string, as a representation of data missing or inapplicable. And the database can provide systematic way to manipulate NULL value. MySQL fulfill this requirement by supporting NULL value and treat it in a systematic way. In MySQL, NULL is supported and is regarded as missing data following ANSI/ODBC SQL standard. MySQL implements ternary logic. Users can not compare values with NULL, even NULL with NULL by using =, because NULL is missing data. The results of those compares are unknown. MySQL provides IS NULL and IS NOT NULL statement in order to treat the compares with value NULL. Rule 4: Active online catalog based on the relational model Data dictionary of one DBMS should be stored as ordinary data in the form of tables. Authorized users must be able to using the query language (SQL for example) that they used to query ordinary data to access to database catalog or structure. MySQL stores database catalog data using tables the same way it store ordinary data. These tables are in system database such as Information_schema. For example, table tables in Information_schema contains information about all tables in MySQL, like TABLE_NAME, TABLE_TYPE. Authorized users can use SQL to query this table in order to access to data catalog of current tables. So, MySQL well implements this Rule. Rule 5: Comprehensive data language The DBMS must support at least one language that can be used directly by users or within application queries. This language must also supports all aspects of database use including data (view) definition, data manipulations, integrity constraints, securities and transaction managements. SQL is a language that is comprehensive enough to support all these requirements. So, any DBMS that implements ANSI/ODBC SQL will comply with this rule. MySQL follows the ANSI/ODBC SQL standard, yet there are several differences between them in several cases. The difference can be seen in documents of MySQL. All these differences are just about statement syntax, i.e MySQL doesnt support select à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ into table, users should using Insert into à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ select to do the same works. But after all, all database use in MySQL can be implemented by using SQL regardless of whether the syntax is different from standard SQL. So, MySQL fulfills Rule 5. Rule 6: View Updating This rule means that the alteration that user makes in a view will result in the alteration of tables from which the view is created, if this view is theoretically updatable. In MySQL, many theoretically updatable views can be updated, yet, there are many limits. For example, due to the documentation of MySQL, delete and update cannot be used to update a view that has more than one underlying table. So, MySQL does not fulfill this rule. Rule 7: The RDBMS may handle individual records but it must primarily handle sets of records This rule means users can use one single command to query, insert, delete and update sets of values in multiple rows or multiple tables. MySQL can handle operation of multiple rows in one table. Because it uses SQL, that has commands that can handle operation of sets of records, as its data language. For example, MySQL can insert multiple records with this statement, INSERT INTO table_name (a,b,c) VALUES (3,4,5), (6,7,8)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. But MySQL cannot handle operation of sets of records that are from different tables in one command. But users can also handle this issue by using transaction that containing a series of SQL commands. So, MySQL implements this rule by allowing user to operate command on multiple rows in one table, while does not support operation of multiple tables in single command. Rule 8: Physical Data Independence This rule means that alterations that have been made to database in physical level, for example, export one database, and open it in another computer will not result in the changes in logical level. And users can still access to the data without altering their commands. MySQL can export one database by creating back up file. This file can be restore by MySQL in another computer. The physical underlying of this database has changed while the table structure will not be changed and users can access to this restored one without any adjustment on their queries. So, MySQL does provide some extent of physical data independence in InnoDB engine. However, if users want to change the store engine of a table from transactional one to non-transactional, the logical level will also change. In sum, MySQL provide physical data independence in InnoDB engine, but changing the store engine may result in change in database logic. Rule 9: Logical Data Independence This rule means that the changes of logical level in the database will not lead to changes of queries that based on former structure. For example, users can split one table into two, while use the same query as before. In MySQL, adding columns to a table will not require changes in application or queries that are base on the structure of this table. However, other changes of logical level, such as combine two tables into one, may call for an alteration of the application based on the structure. So, MySQL does not comply with this Logical Data Independence rule. Rule 10: Integrity Independence This means that integrity definition of data in one DBMS should be regarded as one part of data dictionary, and be stored in the same form as ordinary data. This also requires that this integrity definition can be access by users using language, SQL for example, to query, define or alter the integrity independence. MySQL fulfills this rule. It stores data dictionary in tables in information schema. For example, the column COLUMN_KEY in the table COLUMNS defines whether this column is primary key or has other constraints. And KEY_COLUMN_USAGE table defines which key columns have constrains. Users can access to integrity definition data by query these tables using ordinary SQL statement. Rule 11:Distribution Independence Today, many DBMS introduce the function to using distribute data in different locations. However, due to this rule, where this data be distributed and how DBMS manage them should not be visible to users. Users can use the data in the same way as they use data that been stored in one place. The InnoDB engine does not provide the ability to store data in different locations. MySQL has a distributed engine called MySQL Cluster. In InnoDB engine, MySQL introduce XA Transaction which is based on X/Open XA specification since 5.0.3. This specification provides users the ability to employ multiple resources in one transaction. However, users must know the underlying works, and if the structure of the distributed DBMS changes, the XA Transaction statement may also need to be adjusted. So, MySQL does not comply with the rule 11. Rule 12: The Nonsubversion Rule Sometime the DBMS provide API or other low-level interface for users to handle complicated transactions. However, those interfaces must not break all the rule above and bypassing integrity constraints and security. MySQL provides APIs for different applications or programming languages as low-level interface. There are back doors in them, custom command SHOW for example. However, these backdoors are only maintained for the compatibility with the former edition. Summary In Sum, due to the comparison between MySQl and Codds rules, MySQL implement most of these rules, though there are still some limitations. It can be regarded as a DBMS that is relational.

Comparison of the North American and Japanese Educational Systems Essay

Comparison of the North American and Japanese Educational Systems The comparison between Japanese and North American educational systems is often used. The Japanese system, along with other Asian cultures, places importance on the group and the interdependence of its members (Cole & Cole, 2001, p. 541). The North American model, in contrast, focuses on the ideals of individuality and independence (Cole & Cole, 2001, p.541). This contrast is due to a conflicting cultural/social structure and outlook of the world. Japanese look at the development of self as doubled sided: the inner self and the social or public self (Hoffman, 2000, p.307). Within the Japanese education system, the teacher's goal is to develop and cultivate both layers. Opposing this concept can be found in the North American style, which does not distinguish the two, but instead stresses the importance of the one true self (Hoffman, 2000, p.307). It is interesting to compare my personal experiences as an educator in both Japan and Canada. Both educational systems aims towards the sam e outcome: the development of the child toward their future role in adult society. However, the difference can be seen in the differences in the educator's desire for the children’s development, and their role in adult society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese educational system emphasizes the importance of the group (Hoffman, 2000, 301). The national, cultural image reflects its stress on group interconnectedness (Hoffman, 2000, p.301). Within a classroom’s daily life, large group activities are encouraged. Japanese students spend less time seated and more time participating in whole or small group activities (Hoffman, 2000, p.302). On a regular basis, as a teacher in elementary schools in Japan, I prepared group or whole class interactive activities. As children learn, the attention is given to the children' development in terms of a collective effort as a class (Hoffman, 2000, p.302). In Japan, the greatest task of the children's education is considered to be their socialization into group life (Hoffman, 2000, p.302). In the middle childhood years, there is a large increase of formalization and rituals in schools. Every part if life is a routine. The school code of dress, attitude, and daily routi ne, all are oriented to encourage proper observance of form (Hoffman, 2000, p.305). The role of the teacher is not authorita... ...The culture as a whole, reflects the need to be a member of a group. There are many cultural, sports and social adult groups. Within groups, Japanese adults are some of the most unique people, but without it, you wonder where their identity lies: what the group is or what they are as people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both of these educational systems are reflective of the culture. The Japanese educational system aims to socialize the children to rely on groups and stresses the importance of relations within those groups. In contrast, the North American educational system aims to socialize the children to be independent and individualistic. Each system aims to socialize their children in a way they see as important for the culture they live in. Japanese culture is very dependent on the group concept, whereas the North American culture stresses the notion of independence. References: Cole, Michael, & Sheila R. Cole, (2001) The Development if Children. (4th ed.). New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York, New York: Worth Publishers. Hoffman D, (2000). Individualism and Individuality in American and Japanese Early   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education: A Review and Critique. American Journal of Education 108 (Aug.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2000): 300-317.

The Lord of the Flies Continues to Fly A Socio-Historical Look At Its Banning and Sustained Popularity

Henry Reichman, in his research titled Censorship and Selection, Issues and Answers for Schools. Censorship defines censorship as the â€Å"the removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic or educational materials †¦ on the grounds that these are morally or otherwise objectionable in light of the standards applied by the censor† (Cromwell, 2005) . Often, the judging of the books as unfit for public or classroom consumption is done unilaterally by an authorized policymaking body tasked with oversight functions.This has adverse impact to the teachers’ exercise of academic and creative freedom guaranteed by the First Amendment that protects â€Å"the students’ right to know and the teachers’ right to academic freedom† (Shupe, 2004). Throughout the history of literature, censorship of literary texts and judging them as unfit for public consumption has always provoked social and political debates. The offensive advocates who pose themselves as guardians of morality and social order insist that the society needs protection from destructive elements that may damage its moral and social fibers.The defensive side, on the other hand, promotes the upholding of constitutional rights for free expression, criticizing censorship us a curtailment of this basic human right. Ironically, banning the books from public consumption has proven to have done the opposite. The public becomes even more curious, finds creative ways to get hold of these banned books and discover for themselves that the very reason of the banning should be the same reason why the public should read them in the first place.For instance, while Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† was challenged because of its racial slur, many in the academic circles believe that it should all the more be read by the public to learn about racism and its adverse social impact (Shupe, 2004). Restraining the public from reading a lit erary text that reflects this social reality does not and cannot shield itself from seeing this happening in real life. Unsurprisingly therefore, these banned books or literary texts whose subjects are deemed taboos by the authorities became all-time best sellers continually being â€Å"consumed† by the public.The public’s curiosity has been sustained by the authority’s persistent efforts to dictate what the public can and cannot read defying the provisions of the First Amendments that enshrines creative and academic freedom (Shupe, 2004). This has all the more invigorated the public’s tendency to rebel against repressive authorities. Banning the reading of what the public considered acclaimed literature seems not just illogical but unwarranted. This has made acclaimed banned books like the Lord of the Flies sustained its popularity generations after generations.I. The Lord of the Flies Restrained from Flying To understand the â€Å"restraint flight† of the novel, it may be deemed necessary to trace its roots from its conception to publication, illuminating the tumultuous routes it has taken before it reached the public eye. William Gerald Golding wrote the novel less than ten years after World War II after serving in the Royal Navy from 1940-1945 where he saw man’s unnerving capacity for atrocities. As it is commonly believed, war brings the worst and the best of man’s human nature.But expectedly so, Golding identified more on the evil side of man, owing to his background as a disillusioned advocate of rationalism, championed by his father Alec Golding, a school teacher and ardent believer of rationalism. In his writing about his wartime experience, he wrote: â€Å"Man produces evil as a bee produces honey† (Gyllensten, 1983). He felt that the atrocities committed by the Nazis in such magnitude could be committed just as well by any other nations owing to humankind’s innately evil nature.He wrote the book at a time of Cold War, fresh from the hostilities of the Holocaust, the widespread dehumanizing aftereffects of atomic bombs, and the threat of the so-called â€Å"Reds† behind the Iron Curtain. These conditions all found their way to the book, making it a good study of the political and ideological underpinnings of this milieu. From its pre-publication to its promotion to the public, the Lord of the Flies has undergone a turbulent path. Rejected by publishers a record of 21 times, the book was adjudged as â€Å"absurd and uninteresting†¦rubbish and dull† (Conrad, 2009).Conrad (2009) recalls that the book seemed to have reached a dead end, until a former lawyer hired as editor from the Faber publishing house, Charles Monteith, resurrected the book from its near oblivion and convinced his colleagues at Faber to publish the book at a measly sum of ? 60. As it turned out, Monteith’s business instinct earned Faber millions of pounds as the book sold mi llions of copies worldwide and continues to do so up to this time prompting the author of the book to retort that he considers the royalty income as â€Å"Monopoly money† (Conrad, 2009).The book’s huge commercial success can be attributed to two things: first, it has a good narrative filled with thrilling action and a theme that amplifies the endless battle between good and evil; and second, it has been continually challenged by certain school authorities making it all the more attractive to readers. The more it has become controversial, the more it has gathered cult following, assuming celebrity status as a literary text. The thesis of the book underscores the tendency of man for violence.In the novel, a group of British schoolboys are trapped in a tropical island after the plane that would take them to someplace safer from the nuclear war crashed. Initially acting in a more civilized way, these schoolboys form some sort of a social group with a leader and sets of rul es. As they discover the difficulties of such an arrangement within the uncertainty that surrounds them in that tropical island, they begin to question the existence of that social order and start to defy its conventions.The â€Å"good force† is led by Ralph who symbolizes man’s adherence to civilization and proper social decorum; while Jack leads the â€Å"evil forces† symbolizing man’s innate evil nature that manifests with proper environmental stimuli engendered by the harsh realities of life such as surviving in a jungle. As the story progresses and the uncertainty of being rescued become remote, Jack begins to reconfigure the composition of the social order initiated by Ralph. Within these contesting ideologies, Jack starts to emerge as the leader of choice by the majority of the group.Deciding that Jack’s aggressive stunts and hunting skills are the necessary skills of a leader in such a harsh environment, the majority of the boys shift their allegiance to him and leave the â€Å"orderly† and â€Å"civilized† leadership of Ralph. With Jack’s leadership, the boys undergo a downward spiral and turn to horrific violence to dismantle civilized social constructs in the name of survival. In so doing, two boys are killed and they would have continued to slide down to ultimate self-destruction had their eventual rescue failed to come just in time.Published in 1954 and written by Golding, the Lord of the Flies has been constantly challenged and banned from school curricula in the United States and other parts of the world. The Nettverksgruppa (1996) or NVG, an association of students and staff at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim recounts that the following academic institutions challenged this novel for its so-called â€Å"demoralizing effect that implies that man is little more than an animal†:

Channel Members Role in Utility Improvement

Channel Members Role in Utility Improvement Porters five forces tool is a recommended tool used to analyze and comprehend areas considered crucial in every business. It helps business to analyze its competitive position, and strength the future business wants to progress.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Channel Members’ Role in Utility Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When a business identifies where the power is, it can take the fair advantage of a situation of strength and try to work on its weakness. This will make the managers make informed decisions. Porter’s tool gets used commonly when introducing a new product in the market to evaluate whether the product has potential of making a profit. Five forces analysis indicates that there are five distinct but interrelated forces that affect the business competitive performance. These forces are as follows: Supplier power: this is the power when suppliers have to control the price s of goods. The marketer needs to assess how easy the supplier can manipulate the prices of their products. The number of suppliers in each key point mostly affects this. The uniqueness of the products they produce and the cost incurred when one change from using one product to another. Fewer suppliers are capable of manipulating the price easily. The more one needs for supplier they become, the more powerful they are. Buyer power: in this case, one evaluates how easy the buyers are to drive the prices down. This gets determined by the number of buyers and the amount of goods they buy. If a market has few and powerful buyers, the buyers are able to make the firm lower their product prices. Threat of substitution: this occurs when current customers come up with different ways of doing what a manager is selling. If customers are able to come up with powerful products, then the ones currently supplying power get affected.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics ? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threat of new entry: this is the ease in which new people get involved in the business one is carrying out. New entrants result in competition for customers and raw materials. When the cost to entrance demands little amount of money and time, new entrants will be extremely easy. Functions of marketing channels can be considered to be barriers to allow new entrants in the business. Every marketer needs to have his own marketing channels. The new entrants find it hard to convince the existing market channels to market their goods, which are not well known by the customers. Existing market channels may refuse to stock and deal with the new entrants products, thereby, saving the existing marketers the threats of new entrants. Marketing channels are the key influencer to the price of the goods. This is because marketing channels are the ones who buy the marketers goods in bulky. The amount of goo ds they buy makes them dictate the price at which they have to buy the products. Marketing channels determine the power of wholesalers as suppliers. They dictate to wholesalers the price at which they will buy manufacturers products. They also offer transportation services to wholesalers who buy goods in bulky. They form a link between manufacturer, the wholesalers and the customers. Marketing channels are particularly beneficial to the marketers as they help to minimize the chances of customers to come up with substitutes. This is because marketing channels do add value to the products produced by the manufacturer. The customers get provided with goods in the shortest time possible thus having no need to come up with the substitutes. The channel marketers make customers develop loyalty to the manufacturer products. This is extremely valuable to the manufacturer as it ensures continuous purchase of consumer goods. Channel distributors can be motivated by forming a partnership with t hem. In this case, the company forms an agreement with the channel distributors whereby the company honors the distributors demands. Since the channel distributors enter into business with an aim of making a profit, the marketing managers should honor their demands and provide them with strong support for them to achieve their goals.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Channel Members’ Role in Utility Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Channels members can be motivated by being provided with free goods. This is beneficial to them because the extra free goods can be used to entice potential customers. They can also be motivated by providing them with bonuses whereby they get rewarded after achieving the marketers’ goals. The marketers can motivate their channel distributors by initiating creative product promotions. This will make them improve their sales and their profit margin. The marketer s can also create sales contests whereby the channel distributors come together, share ideas, and come up with solutions to any challenge they face. The marketer can also motivate channels of distribution by ensuring they are well distributed. This is crucial as it reduces rivalry among them it also ensures that channel distributors are making a decent profit. They can be motivated by conducting visits to them. In these visits, the marketers advice them on product display. They can motivate the channel distributors by training them on how they use the product or preserve them in case they deal with perishable goods. The intermediaries carry out different activities that lead to improvement of utility. Some of these activities include breaking the bulk of goods. This is extremely vital as these leads to meeting customer needs effectively. The channel distributors buy goods in large quantity, which they then divide into small portions, which customers can afford to buy. Channel member s improve the utility by packaging products. This is done when breaking the bulk. They pack the goods in colorful colors, which attract the customers. This attracts customer and lure them to purchase the well-packaged goods. Customers prefer goods, which are attractive to their eyes. This is crucial as it relieves the company the burden of packaging making it concentrate on other issues. A channel member improves utility by storing the stock. This is Important as it helps to maintain a continuous supply of goods to the customers. It also relieves manufacturers the expenditure on renting vast stores to store goods.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bringing goods closer to the customers. Channels members bring goods closer to the customers. This makes customers shop conveniently. The goods are brought closer to the customers. This is important as the customers are saved the costly expenses of transportation. Channel members play a vital role in utility improvement through product promotion. Through product promotion, they educate the product users, inform them on where to find the manufacturers products and on how to achieve maximum value by using the product well. A channel member adds value to product by branding the products. This helps customers to identify these products well, and this make them develop product loyalty. This makes entry of new marketers hard as they find it hard to convince the existing product users hard to convince to use alternative product. It also makes exit impossible as the firms whose products with significant market share fear that by exiting a new firm may come and reap the benefits they had bee n reaping.

My Professional Career Goals Essay Example

My Professional Career Goals Essay Example My Professional Career Goals Essay My Professional Career Goals Essay I am determined to work in a Career field that will offer me the opportunity to do something that I enjoy doing as a job. My objective career goal is to work as a medical officer in the United States Army, specifically a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I have thoroughly considered the skills that I presently have and the abilities that I need to either change or perfect. I been embarking on more educational avenues since I have being in the army to get close to this career goal. The ultimate goal I set out for myself was to get accepted in the United State Army Masters of Social Work Program.The program is one that helps determined individuals work on acquiring their Masters Degree in Social Work Services and become officers in the United Army. As I am already in the field of psychology I though a special interest in the Social Work Services and have come to enjoy working in this department. My professional career goal is to get the schooling through the Army because it is al l paid for. Finish my obligation and try to retire from the Army after 20 years of service. I know once I complete my service, I can always work for the federal employee for the Army.Also one may ask the question, but why social work services? I have always been interested in working in the medical field because I am good understanding people and can be a good listener and also because it is a respected profession. I have spent time in many different types of jobs in my short time in the Army but one of the fields I enjoyed the most The Department of Social Work Services. It has become a commonly acceptable practice that we use different methods of learning to obtain information. Information technology allows us to easily identify with the various aspects and methods of social learning.The Web has also made it so easy to collaborate with other student in the process of learning and training. In pursuit of my short term goal which is to attain a Bachelor’s degree in Clinical P sychology, I have taken a few online courses to include this class and it is amazing how much information and insight I have been able to obtain from other students from the online environment. I was also able to obtain an undergraduate certificate in Terrorism and Homeland Security by online education. I am getting closer and closer to finishing my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology.Online Education has made my dream meeting all the requirements of the Masters Program possible. The ability to share information with others in a participatory manner has allowed me to see and learn from my peers. The online method of learning brings synergy to the table and can also be very effective within the professional arena. I can’t emphasis enough how I’m able to learn from others in the comfort of my own living room or office. In the world of web learning, I’m able to keep up with current information concerning my career options as well as keep up with advancing techno logies within my career.According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the Employment of healthcare social workers is expected to grow by 34 percent, much faster than the average for all occupations in the United States. As baby boomers age, they and their families will require help from social workers to find care, which will increase demand for healthcare social workers. The average full-time medical social worker earned $50,500 per year as of 2011, according to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, but wages varied over a wide range with those workers that holds a masters degree in any subject averaged approximately $12,000 more in annual income.Career progression in this field is very rapid because of the constant need and demand for Licensed Clinical Social Workers. I do know that I will have to improve on any skills that could help in making me more sought after; for example a manager could be one that has knowledge, skills and interests in many areas but has no real specialty. T hen there is the professional manager who will conform to the skills, competence and/or character which is expected of a properly qualified/experienced person. I also know I have work to do and things to learn as well as ideas to offer.I see another thing I will need to do and that is to place more emphasis on my writing skills and hopefully I can better myself within the next two years. I know that I still have a way to go in order to reach my goal; but I can withstand all I will need to in order to make dreams come true. With the above plan of completing my Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree, I can be that ultimate military social worker.Cited Sources Eliminating Mental Health Disparities tmhguide. org Health Careers Center is a division of Mississippi Hospital Association. (2002-2004). Health Care Administrator. ttp://www. mshealthcareers. com/careers/healthcareadmin. htm Individual Development Plan fsa. usda. gov/FSA/hrdapp? area=home;amp;subject=trai;amp;topi c=idp Landis, S. (2002). Career Goals. Mountain Area Health Education Center. http://depts. washington. edu/ccph/pdf_files/Landis%20%20Career%20Goals. pdf Occupational outlook Handbook bls. gov/ooh/Community-and-Social-Service/Social-workers. htm#tab-5 Promoting Mental Health in the Web 2. 0 Era (updated version) by Instut Douglas slideshare. net/institutdouglas/promoting-mental-health-in-the-web-20-era-updated-version

Compasiosn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compasiosn - Essay Example Ruthless style of ruling could be an adequate means through which a person in power remains in power. However, there are other stronger means to keep the same power even without creating fear among the people. Ensuring that one maintains strong allies in leadership can ensure that power remains oriented towards the same person over time. On the other hand, fear instigates and builds up opposition over time, making the situation even worse with time. In fact, gaining the people’s favor can adequately account for power. This is due to creation and development of trust among the involved parties. Machiavelli’s purpose in the text is one-sided. This is due to the fact that the text only highlights the need for a prince to only mind his own concerns in relation to retaining power to himself, as opposed to working for and with the people to gain power. A selfish aspect relating to power and authority is noted in the text. The audience bound to go by the provisions of this text are of dictatorial personality. In other words, the text’s credibility cannot hold in a democratic society that seeks to uphold justice, compassion, rights, and freedoms of the people. Machiavelli’s argument is logical, but unethical to some extent relative to the tone used to present the argument. Aung San Suu Kyi argues that fear to lose power instigates corruption. This text is essentially positioned in the contemporary trends of gaining power and authority. Parties in power go to higher extents in ensuring that they remain in power, and corruption is just but of the realized practices in this line. The thought of losing power serves as the source of myriad evils in leadership. This is due to the fact that leadership roles are accompanied by power and authority. Once power is gained, those in power often get reluctant in giving it up once their term is done. The change of scenario from a party with power to one without power corrupts the minds of many people,

Industries using Economic Order Quantity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industries using Economic Order Quantity - Essay Example In this sense, distributors of the pharmaceuticals to improve efficiency in the distribution and minimize the ordering and holding costs that are very high in the industry have often used the Economic Order Quantity. An estimated savings of more than $200, 000 was reported by those industries that utilized effective inventory management techniques in their ordering and determination of optimum quantities to be reordered by the company (Siegel, and Shim 203). The basic reason that makes EOQ necessary for this industry is its ability to reduce its storage and holding costs. Most pharmaceutical wholesalers do not have ample storage facilities that can handle inventory for long periods. Further, storage of such inventory could be dangerous because of the risks of expiry which may lead to losses. In perspective, the technique helps in mathematical calculations of specific order quantities that the wholesalers can be able to order, achieve good business performance, reduce risk of expiry and make an economic gain out of the transaction (Krajewski, and Ritzman 79). In the manufacturing industry, the use of economic order quantity is popular, being a major current asset of most manufacturing industries. In this case, the example of a soft drinks manufacturing company is used. To make sure that the customers get the best products, in time and manufactured at the least cost, it would be important to analyze the production process in light of using specific measures to determine the optimal ordering quantities of the materials used. The company uses at least three materials namely, sugar, concentrates and crown corks, all of which are produced within the country (Siegel, and Shim 215). However, the company needs to make decisions of how much of each to order in order meet the demand in the market. In this respect, the Economic